Risk modeling is a methodological approach and academic field focused on the systematic identification, analysis, and assessment of potential adverse events and their associated consequences under conditions of uncertainty. It investigates the probability of undesirable outcomes and their potential impact on complex systems, individuals, or the environment. Key characteristics include the development and application of quantitative, statistical, or computational models to simulate scenarios, evaluate likelihoods, and project potential losses or damages. Its significance lies in providing a rigorous framework for understanding, predicting, and managing risks, thereby informing decision-making, system design, and the development of mitigation and safety strategies in diverse domains, including critical infrastructure and high-consequence technologies.